Given evidence that private party firearm transfers are common and frequently do not include background checks, efforts to establish conducting a private party background may be fruitful areas for future practice and research.

The results do not provide clear evidence for a decrease or increase in the rates of major violent crime or burglary on public college and university campuses following the implementation of more permissive campus carry policies.

Firearms dealers can facilitate the diversion of guns to the criminal market through practices such as selling to straw purchasers or failing to conduct required background checks.

Contrary to expectation, support for and willingness to participate in political violence in this cohort showed little to no change from 2023 to 2024, an election year in the USA. These findings can help guide prevention efforts.

Findings suggest that policymakers and advocates for firearm violence prevention should prepare extensively, develop bills early, and cultivate and leverage relationships among policy entrepreneurs. Further, they must engage diverse groups of stakeholders, recruit advocates affected by gun violence and those familiar with gaps in current law, anticipate long campaigns, and be prepared to take advantage of unexpected opportunities.

Findings demonstrate the importance of examining crime rates jurisdictionally to avoid aggregation bias and studying FDV specifically.

After adjusting for confounders, including alcohol revenue, establishments that sold alcohol in Texas in 2022 that were gun-prohibiting had fewer shootings on and near their premises on average than establishments that were gun-allowing.