Research

Clinicians have a unique opportunity to contribute to the prevention of firearm-related injury and death. The 3As Framework provides clinicians with the tools to have respectful, effective conversations about firearms with their patients and clients, their family members and caregivers.

These conversations can feel difficult. But with training and a risk-based approach, clinicians can guide patients and their families to better understand the risks of having firearms in the home.”

• Support for political violence decreased for 19.9% of respondents, increased for 14.2%, and remained unchanged for 65.9%.
• "Things improved for me financially" was associated with decreased support for political violence.
• "I gave up on politics" was associated with increased support for political violence.
• Those who reported that violence was usually or always justified for at least 1 political objective in 2022 had no events associated with change in support in 2023.
• Among those who

While some modest differences emerged between military and non-military respondents, overall, findings indicated that military service and combat experience did not act as risk factors for support for and willingness to engage in political violence, or approval of extremist organizations and movements.

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  More than 50% MAGA Republicans considered violence usually or always justified to advance at least 1 of 21 specified political objectives (MAGA Republicans, 55.9%; non-MAGA non-Republicans, 25.5%).

• In 2023, strong agreement with expressions of 7 forms of hatred, fear, and enmity toward others was common in the United States: homonegativity, 26.4%; racism, 19.1%; transphobia, 17.1%; xenophobia, 10.3%; hostile sexism, 8.1%; Islamophobia, 5.5%; antisemitism, 3.2%.
• For each of them, strong agreement was significantly associated with the view that political violence is justified.

• In mid-2025, a substantial minority of American adults endorse authoritarian views.

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  Strong or very strong agreement that civil war was coming and that it was needed were both uncommon and did not increase from 2023 to 2024 (6.5% and 3.6%, respectively, in 2024; 5.7% and 3.8%, respectively, in 2023). This good news was counter to our expectation; 2024 was an election year and a time of increased political polarization.

To understand how the implementation and enforcement of universal background check (UBC) laws may influence the use of background checks during private party firearm transfers in the USA.

Following the Supreme Court’s decision in New York State Rifle & Pistol Association, Inc. v. Bruen, which ruled a New York concealed-carry permitting requirement unconstitutional, laws restricting the public carrying of firearms in “sensitive places,” like college campuses, have received increasing attention. However, there is little evidence for whether permissive campus carry policies increase firearm violence or, via deterrence, reduce general crime on campus.

• Many highest-risk dealers consistently sold crime guns across multiple years.
• Our machine learning models accurately identified many high-risk firearms dealers and outperformed simpler prediction approaches.

• Using machine learning with detailed purchase and recovery records could efficiently identify high-risk retailers for targeted enforcement to disrupt the flow of crime guns.
• Opportunities for policy and enforcement action based on our findings include targeting enforcement on the smal